Concrete structure and method of constructing the same



l 4c. WEBER.' CONCRETE STRUCTURE AND METHOD 0F CONSTRUCTING THE SAME.APPLICATION FILED MAY 19. 1917.

Patented June 17; 1919.

3, SHEETS-SHEET l.

C. WEBER. CONCRETE STRUCTURE AND METHOD 0E coNsmucTlNG EHE SAME.

APPLICATION FILED MAY I9. |917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Patented lune 17, 1919.

C. WEBER.

CONCRETE STRTUCTURE AND METHOD 0F CONSTRUCTING THE SAM-E. APPLICATIONFILED MAY 19. 19H.

1,30%224.. 1 Patented June 17, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

iid

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CARL WEBER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO TORCRETE SHIIBUILDINGCORPO- RATION, OF NEWYORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION 0F DELAWARE.

i CONCRETE STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING TI-IE SAME.

Application led May 197 1917.

Il 1o all whom it 'may concern Be it known that I, CARL WEBER, a citizenof the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook yandState of Illinois, have invented new and useful Improvements in ConcreteStructures and Methods of Constructing the Same, of which the followingis a specification.

This invention relates t0 improvements in` concrete constructionsadapted for walls, tunnels, silos, ships hulls or the like, as well asthe method whereby such structures are made.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improvedconcrete structure impervious to moisture and of strong and durableconstruction adapted to withstand the heavy strains and stresses towhich it may be subjected.

A further object tof my invention, when the same is applied to theconstruction of the Wall constituting the hull of a concrete vessel, isto build the same of relatively light weight and yet having a certaindegree of elasticity.

A further object of my invention is to construct the wall, tunnel, silo,or the hull of a vessel of standardized parts so ositioned and arrangedas to permit the desired structure to be easily and quickly erected andwith the minimum of expense.

Other objects will be in part obvious from the annexeddrawings and inpart indicated in connection therewith by the following analysis of thisinvention.

This invention accordingly consists in the features -of construction,lcombination of parts and in theunique relations ofthe members, and inthe relative proportioning and disposition thereof, all as morecompletely outlined herein.

Inthe accompanying .drawings` constituting a part of vthis disclosure Ihave illustrated my'invention as appliedto the making'5 up of a wall ofa concrete ship yet I do not wish to be understoodfas limiting myinvention by such illustration, as the wall construction, Aand themethod of erecting the same illustrated in said drawings and hereinafterdescribed, is equally applicable to otherpurposes as in `the building ofconcrete houses, the construction of walls for bulk heads, tunnels,silos, cisterne and numerous other uses, which need not be specificallyenumerated.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J une 171', 1919.

senai No. 169,648.

In said drawings Figure 1 is a side elevational view showing a completevessel, certain parts being broken away or shown dotted in order thatthe structure may be more clearly seen;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the boat shown in Fig. 1; j I

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 3'-3, Fig. 2; j

Fig. 4 is an enlargedv detail transverse sectional view;

Fig. 5 is a detail plan view of a portion of the keel;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on the line 6 6, Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing a portion of the side skeleton;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged transverse sectional view of a portion of the sidewall;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the portion shown in Fig. 8, showing thelayers of which the sides of the vessel are composed.

Referring to the drawings and particularly to Fi 1, 2 and 3, 10 denotesVthe hull of a boat or vessel shown for illustrative purposes divided byone or more bulk heads 11, and also horizontally by decks 12 to dividethe interior of the vessel into a plurality of separate. compartments 13of any desired dimensions.

The rear of the boat is shown partially broken away. It may of course beprovided with the desired motor power, etc.

. The vessel as shown in Fig. 4 is provided with a main keel 14 formingthe usual backbone to the skeleton of the boat and to which the traverseribs 1.5. are riveted or secured in any desired manner. These ribs whichmay be in the form of I-beams, channel irons, etc., as shown in Fig. 6,extend laterally and then upwardly, and at the bend a reinforcing plateor gussetl is interposed to insure strengthv and stability. .Likewiseposts 17 and transverse members 18 are secured as may be necessary,according to the' type of vessel to be constructed. These ribs 15 areconnected longitudinally by means of T- beams, or other suitable formsof structural steel, 20. In this manner the skeleton of the vessel isformed and provides a structure against which the reinforcing for thecon cretemay be placed. It is to be understood that I do not conne theinvention to the use of a structural steel skeleton, for wood or@interets can used to advantage.; or

a combination of iron, wood and concrete in the forming of the skeletonof the vessel.

Itisto be noted that T-bcams 20 extending longitudinally of theJ vesselare provided at regular intervals with perforations.

2l through' which vertical ti'e members or stay-rods 22 may be threaded,as indicated in Fig. 7, and resting upon the horizontal portion of eachT-bcam are gage and shear posts 23 projecting laterally therefrom.

The posts are forthe purpose of gaging the thickness of the wall. Thelength of the posts varies in the different parts of the hull inaccordance with the desired thickness of the sa-me. Another purpose ofthe posts is to firmly fasten the concrete to the frame in the samemanner as a rivet fastens a steel plate to, a girder or the like.

The posts also take up the shearing stresses between .frame and hull andthe shearing stresses developed in the wall itself.

The posts furthermore serve they purpose of supporting and properlyspacingthe reinforcement of the walt as shown in Figs. 7.

8 and 9, and as hereinafter more fully. de-

scribed.

In Fig. 7 a plain simple form of post is shown just to illustrate themethod.

The posts may be fastened to the steel frame-in any oneof a number of`different ways. InFig. 7 a method is shown whereby the posts are heldin place by reinforcing rods 22 threaded through holes in thelongitudinal steel members and through corresponding holes in the endsof the posts.

These gage and shear posts are provided with a plurality of verticallydisposed open-1y ings 24C through which anchor members 25 are passed.These anchor members are for the purpose of holding the wire fabric, eX-panded metal or other suitable reinforcing material 2G, in spacedrelation with respect to the members 20. They are hooked over thenearest main wire to hold them in place, and are of such length as shownin Fig. 7 to eXtendover at least two of the horizontal wires forming thenetting, and

thereby hold the same in proper spaced renv lation with respect to theframework;

After the parts above stated have been assembled to form the completeframe struc-V ture the concrete is applied thereto 'inf layers, asshown'in Fig. 9. A backing 27,

which may be either permanent or temporary, is placed between thehorizontally disposed T-bcams 20, and concrete or mortar preferablyformed of Portland cement and silicious sand, either with or without asuitable=waterprooling ingredient," is sprayed by means of a compressedV-air device upon the lirstlayenof netting-until the ribs and T'' beamsand netting are completely inclosed or covered by the cement forming thelirst layer 28, as shown in Fig. 9. After completing one layer thebacking 27,' unless whiclr a third layer of netting 31 may be.

applied, or evenl more 4laminations in accordance with) requiredthicknessof the hull.` The outer surface ofrthe boat 1s then fin--ished, and may be painted as desired.I

The different laminations in lthel hull or wall vas formed Amay be. madeof-materials of different composition and different density and membranewaterproofing or insulating may be placed between anytwo ormorelaminations. It maybe vadvisable to make the Aouter layer of ahardidense concrete 'to protectvtheinner layers against abrasion, anduse` more elastic combinations for the inner-laminations.

By applying the differenticoatings with the compressed air machinelaperfect bond between the laminations is secured, and after completionthe entire wall-forms a monolithic, seamless structurewhich, owing tothe multiple reinforcements shows a comparatively great elasticity.

It maybe compared roughly lto strong wireglass, and if it should everbe: cracked by a Vtremendous impact the parts remain bound together, andthe wall may becas-ily repaired. It is obvious that suchimpact with awharf or other vessel Lcould not' cause tearing yaway whole platesections as fref quently happens with steel gboats.

The `outer surfacel of the entire vessel is perfectly smooth and theminimum of skin frictionisobtainedV ItI offers no projections to wharfedges, etc., and 4makes it less susceptible to marine growth:Vv Y

The frame is built along the general lines of present practice;Howeveigowing to the monolithic character of myy concrete hull and theease withwhich-a hulll is formed ony and around Athe framemembers-a muchgreater freedom .of design is possible. Thev vrigidity ofthe concretehull also reduces the practically entirely incased in concrete whichprotects the members aga1nstrust. Therefore no allowance needs to bemade 1n the design for reduction of ,strength caused by deterioration.

After the first coating has snificiently hardened the temporay backingis `removed and may be used over again in a different place.

It is thus seen that the present invention provides a simple andpractical method of constructing the walls constituting the hull of aconcrete ship at comparatively low cost and in the minimum of time, andit is believed that this invention accomplishes, among others, all ofthe objects herein set forth.

As many changes could be made in the above construction and manyapparently widely different embodiments of my invention could be made,Without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all mattercontained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawingsshall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

l. In a laminated wall, in combination, a frame-work, a plurality ofsuccessively applied layers of concrete applied to said frame-work, eachlayer being provided with metallic reinforcing each uniformly spacedfrom the preceding reinforcing, said layers of concrete being separatedone from another by interposed layers of water-proong material.

2. In a laminated wall, in combination, a frame-work consisting ofhorizontally and vertically disposed members, shear posts supported fromsaid members, and a `plurality of layers of metallic reinforcingsupported from said posts in uniformly spaced relation, successivelyapplied layers of concrete embedding said reinforcing, said layers ofconcrete being separated one from another by interposed layers ofwater-proofing material.

3. In a laminated wall, in combination, a frame-work consisting ofhorizontally and verticallyv disposed members, shear posts supportedfrom said members, a plurality of layers of metallic reinforcingsupported from said posts, and superposed layers of concrete separatedby water-proofing or insulating material.

4. In a laminated wall, in combination, a skeleton frame havingvertically and horizontally disposed members, stay-rods connecting saidmembers, and shear posts projecting laterally from the sides of theskeleton, layers of reinforcing supported from said shear posts,successively applied layers of concrete embedding said reinforcing, a

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressingthe permanent backing interposed between the members of the frame-work,said layers of concrete being separated one from another by interposedlayers of water-proofing material.

5. In a laminated wall, in combination, a plurality of laterally andupwardly extending ribs, horizontally disposed beams connecting saidribs, vertically disposed stayrods parallel with the ribs, shear postssecured on said stay-rods, a plurality of layers of metallic reinforcingsupported from and anchored to said shear posts, a plurality of layersof concrete embedding said layers of reinforcing, said layers ofconcrete being separated one from another by interposed layers ofwater-proofing material.

6. In a laminated wall, in combination, a plurality of laterally andupwardly extending ribs, horizontally disposed beams connecting saidribs, vertically disposed stayrodsparallel with the ribs, shear postssecured on said stay-rods, a plurality of layers of metallic reinforcingsupported from and anchored to said shear posts, a plurality of layersof concrete embedding said layers of reinforcing, said layers ofconcrete being separated one from another by interposed layers ofwater-proofing material.

7 The herein described method of constructing walls which consists inerecting a frame-work supporting a frame of metallic reinforcing fromsaid frame-work and spraying said reinforcing with iiuid concrete untilthe same is covered, adding another layer of reinforcing and sprayingsaid second layer of. reinforcing with fluid concrete until the same iscovered, thereby to form a plurality of layers of reinforced concrete.

8. The herein described method of constructing walls which consists inerecting a frame-work, supporting a frame of metallic reinforcing fromsaid frame-work, and spraying said reinforcing with Huid concrete untilthe same is covered, adding another layer of reinforcing and sprayingsaid second layer of reinforcing with fluid concrete until the same iscovered, thereby to form a plurality of layers of reinforced concrete,and interposing layers of water-proof or insulating material betweensaid layers of concrete.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CARL WEBER.

Witnesses:

EMILY F. CAMP, F. L. BRowNn.

Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

